On January 18, 1964, the Royal Thai Ministry of Education resolved to create a branch of the College of Education ( located in Bangkok ) for teacher training in each region of the country. On January 25, 1967 the Phitsanulok campus was established as the fourth branch of the College of Education and was meant to serve mainly the northern provinces. In 1974 (the year I was born) the College of Education was upgraded to university status and was named Srinakharinwirot University, Phitsanulok campus. Originally, only the third and fourth years of university study were offered, and students were admitted by competitive examination after completing the curriculum at one of the nation's associate degree level teacher training colleges. But in 1976, the first and second years were added. Over the years majors besides education were included, and in 1990 the Phitsanulok campus became independent of Srinakarinwirot University and was designated as Naresuan University for celebration of King Naresuan the Great's 400th years anniversary of ascending to the throne.
In September 2006, Naresuan University was ranked as "Very Good" level in research among the Thai universities by Commission on Higher Education.
Naresuan University also has another campus in Phayao which operated in 1999 .